极限挑战

China's cooperation powers green future in Global South_我的网站

A |     Nation deepening partnerships through major energy projects in Latin America    As the world's transition toward more sustainable development accelerates, China and Latin America are embracing broader and deeper energy cooperation, leveraging cutting-edge technological innovations to power a green future for the Global South.     From State Grid Corp of China's Belo Monte Ultra High Voltage Direct Current Phase II transmission line in Brazil, to China Three Gorges Corp's comprehensive digital modernization of Brazil's legacy Jupia and Ilha Solteira hydropower stations, and the Cauchari solar project in Argentina, jointly undertaken by Power Construction Corp of China and Shanghai Electric Power Construction Co, China and Latin America are jointly setting new benchmarks for cross-border clean energy integration.    These flagship projects go beyond traditional capital investment, representing a deeper leverage of China's technological standards and management expertise. By upgrading legacy infrastructure, Chinese enterprises are powering Latin America's green transition for more secure regional grid stability.    This strategic momentum is guided by top-level diplomacy and shared visions.    While addressing the opening ceremony of the fourth ministerial meeting of the China-CELAC (Community of Latin American and Caribbean States) Forum last year, President Xi Jinping noted that by adapting to the overriding trend of economic globalization, China and Latin America have continuously deepened pragmatic cooperation in fields including trade, investment and infrastructure construction.    Xi emphasized that both sides should strengthen the alignment of development strategies and advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, calling for efforts to deepen cooperation in traditional areas such as energy and minerals, while expanding cooperation in emerging sectors including clean energy.    Such top-level commitment builds on a long-standing strategic alignment. As President Xi pointed out at the China-Latin American and Caribbean Countries Leaders' Meeting in 2014, "China and Latin America are highly complementary in economy and closely aligned in development strategies, granting us natural advantages in strengthening cooperation".    With such a strategic blueprint in sight, top Chinese energy regulators have emphasized the pivotal role of this cross-border synergy.    Ren Jingdong, deputy director of the National Energy Administration, said that energy collaboration is a crucial component of pragmatic cooperation between China and Latin America, achieving remarkable results.    "As China and Latin American countries have actively promoted energy transition and the development of renewables in recent years, new energy cooperation has emerged as a new highlight and a fresh driver for China-Latin America energy synergy," Ren said.    Guided by these high-level consensuses, Chinese enterprises have delivered monumental infrastructure breakthroughs on the ground.    Brazil has grappled for decades with a severe structural challenge. While its northern Amazon basin boasts abundant hydroelectric resources, the vast majority of its industrial and residential power demand is concentrated in the southeast. The 2,534-kilometer Belo Monte Phase II project, independently invested, constructed and operated by State Grid Corp of China under a 30-year concession agreement, bridges this divide. As a vital "green artery", it transmits massive volumes of hydropower directly to metropolitan load centers like Rio de Janeiro.    "The megaproject ensures a highly stable and reliable power supply for Brazil's core economic regions, successfully resolving the nation's developmental bottleneck of spatial energy mismatch," said Ye Xiaoning, a senior engineer at the State Grid Energy Research Institute.    Ye emphasized that the project establishes a global paradigm for cross-regional clean energy transmission, proving the safety, maturity and global applicability of China's ultra-high-voltage grid technologies.    Beyond Brazil, China's clean energy footprint is having a transformative impact across other extreme terrains in South America. In Argentina, the Cauchari solar project stands as one of South America's largest single photovoltaic power stations, and is the world's highest-altitude solar park.    Situated over 4,000 meters above sea level in the Andes Mountains, the 315-megawatt complex features more than 1.2 million solar panels. The landmark installation has ended Jujuy province's long-standing reliance on power transmitted from other provinces, achieving local energy self-sufficiency.    Furthermore, China's unparalleled expertise in hydropower operation has breathed new life into Brazil's legacy energy assets. Through a landmark $3.7 billion transaction establishing a 30-year concession, CTG Brasil officially took over the operation of the Jupia and Ilha Solteira hydropower stations, which feature a combined capacity of nearly 5 million kilowatts and meet the electricity needs of over 6 million people annually.    Rather than merely managing the aging infrastructure, CTG initiated a monumental technical overhaul. By upgrading mechanical equipment that had operated for nearly half a century into fully digital and intelligent monitoring systems across 12 generating units, CTG successfully performed a "heart transplant" on the legacy power hubs.    Industry observers said these milestone projects are just the beginning. As more Latin American nations accelerate their ecological transition, Chinese enterprises are poised to deepen their engagement through localized manufacturing, joint research and green financing under the framework of high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.    As this Sino-Latin American energy synergy continues to unfold, it proves that China's mature grid and generation solutions are essential enablers for emerging economies seeking to decarbonize at affordable costs while maintaining power stability and self-sufficiency, said Ye.    "Together, China and Latin America are actively charting a shared, sustainable course for the global energy revolution and setting a powerful example for Global South cooperation," he said.                    。    欧洲行业机构T&E周一发布的一项最新研究预估，今年上半年中国制造的电动汽车占欧盟纯电动汽车销量的5%，到2025年可能占据欧洲纯电动车18%的市场份额。该机构认为，欧盟需要为欧洲本土汽车制造商提供更多激励措施，以扩大欧洲纯电动汽车的生产规模。

B |
中国品牌竞争优势凸显尽管欧洲正在大力推动新能源车尤其是电动车的普及，但T&E发布的报告认为，从今年欧洲的电动车销量来看，并未达到预期目标。

C | 今年上半年，欧洲全电动汽车销量占比为11%，低于预期的13%。T&E研究认为，欧盟汽车制造商未能扩大生产规模，这导致了中国等外国汽车制造商迅速占领市场份额。该机构敦促欧盟汽车厂商应尽快提供价格合理的车型，以加速占据欧洲大众电动车市场的份额。“如果欧盟不能有效地规范自己的市场，它就有可能失去在汽车行业的经济主权。”报告写道。中国汽车品牌之所以在欧洲市场具有竞争优势，不仅仅是因为较高的性价比，而且车辆的安全性也已得到了大幅的提升，“中国制造”的形象早已不再是“廉价”的代名词。上周，比亚迪SUV电动车ATTO 3获得了Euro NCAP（欧洲新车评估计划）的最高分五星安全评级，成为继长城汽车之后又一家获得五星评级的中国电动车厂商；其他两款包括Stellantis和东风合资的雪铁龙C5 X电动车以及雷诺和江铃汽车合资的Mobilize Limo获得了四星评级，这有助于中国汽车厂商在欧洲“站稳脚跟”。目前，不仅仅有比亚迪和长城汽车等中国汽车制造商正在扩大欧洲的市场份额，蔚来、理想、小鹏汽车等造车新势力公司也已经瞄准欧洲市场，并纷纷表示考虑在当地建立制造基地。

D | 在本月初，蔚来汽车在柏林召开欧洲发布会，高调进军德国、荷兰、丹麦和瑞典四国市场，此前蔚来已经在挪威迈出了海外征途的第一步。统计数据显示，截至今年6月底，中国电动车品牌在挪威的注册量占比超过10%。北欧为何成为“桥头堡”“北欧人非常注重环保理念，中国品牌电动车在那里也非常受欢迎。”一位挪威驻沪商务投资人士告诉第一财经记者。挪威自2009年起，就制定了包括免登记税和购置税等一系列新能源汽车优惠政策，推动新能源汽车的发展，在挪威，所有的主要道路间隔50公里就有一座快充站，每一万名挪威居民拥有充电桩的数量就达到30余个。“当然，现在电价高企也给电动车的销售带来一定的挑战。

E | ”上述挪威方面投资人士告诉第一财经记者，“我们希望这种影响是短暂的，但另一方面，燃油车的油价也在上涨。”作为沃尔沃汽车的所在地，瑞典的汽车工业有着长达几百年的历史。瑞典也是电动车补贴最为慷慨的欧洲国家之一，瑞典政府近十年拨款近10亿瑞典克朗，推动电动车的发展。

F | 2021年，瑞典电动车销量占比达到创纪录的45%，仅次于挪威。在瑞典，购买电动汽车的个人可以获得25%的退税，公司可以获得40%的税收优惠。此外，电动汽车还可以享受一系列特殊优待，例如在一些公共场所免费停车，在部分区域可以使用公交专用道等。凭借慷慨的补贴、完善的配套设施和消费者较高的接受度，瑞典也成为中国电动车厂商出海的“桥头堡”之一，吸引了吉利、东风、比亚迪、爱驰、蔚来和小鹏等众多中国汽车制造商投资。近年来，由电动车需求触发的北欧电池产业链也成为中国投资的热门领域。据瑞典驻沪领馆负责人向第一财经记者介绍，目前中国和瑞典在电池产业方面的紧密合作正在创造新的投资机会。“为了达到欧盟设立的目标，我们必须新建20-30个大型的电池制造基地，这是一个巨大的扩张，不仅仅意味着产能的提升，也意味着可持续发展创新能力的提升。”上述人士告诉第一财经记者。她还表示，目前全球主要的电池生产基地都位于亚洲，而未来几年，欧洲电池产业链将具有很大的投资价值，这是由于欧洲对于绿色能源需求的激增。中国化学与物理电源行业协会秘书长刘彦龙对第一财经记者表示：“中国锂离子电池生产的体量大，具有规模效应，但要发展先进技术仍然离不开全球合作。”他补充道，目前协会正在积极在推进中国电池产业EPD（电池行业环境产品声明）平台的建设工作以及未来中欧EPD平台的互认。

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